In another study, sera from three of five patients with lung adenocarcinoma and none of ten controls with lung tuberculosis were found to exhibit IgG-based seroreactivity against aldehyde dehydrogenase identified in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line lysate using an approach similar to the approach for IgG reactivity against ALDH1A1 utilized in this study [24]. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to pulmonary tuberculosis.