CD38 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a: The immune phenotypes independently associated with AHD, after controlling for age and risk groups, were higher CD8+% (AOR 1.051 for each unit more, 95%CI 1.022–1.081, P = 0.001), lower CD127+CD4+% (AOR 0.909 for each unit more, 95%CI 0.878–0.942, P = 0.0001), and, in this case, also higher-activated CD38+CD8+% (AOR 1.065 for each unit more, 95%CI 1.020–1.112, P = 0.004) and lower terminal-differentiated CD45R0+CD38+CD8+% (AOR 0.955 for each unit more, 95%CI 0.916–0.996, P = 0.032).