Interestingly, CD8+% (AOR 1.061 for each unit more, 95%CI 1.031–1.093, P = 0.0001), CD8+CD38+% (AOR 1.066 for each unit more, 95%CI 1.009–1.126, P = 0.022), CD8+CD38+CD45R0+% (AOR 0.955 for each unit more, 95%CI 0.993–0.997, P = 0.0001), and CD4+CD127+% (AOR 0.837 for each unit more, 95%CI 0.792–0.884, P = 0.0001) were significantly associated with AHD, also after controlling for age and risk groups for HIV infection (Supplementary Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a.