In conclusion, despite the predictions that rare IFIH1 variants previously associated with type 1 diabetes are loss of function variants, and experimental data showing an important role of IFIH1 in antiviral immunity to enteroviruses, out data suggests that these variants have no or just minor impact on the frequency and duration of gut infection with enterovirus in healthy infants. Here, IFIH1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.