CD4 and Opportunistic infection: DCs treated with opportunistic pathogens, such as Malaria hemozoin, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and C. albicans, impairs degradative processing and MHC-II presentation of HIV-1 antigens to CD4+ T cells, and alters cytokine secretion, the enhanced DC-mediated viral trans infection was also observed during certain opportunistic infections [30], [39], [40], [41], [42].