Although excess fat mass, high levels of CRP, interleukin-18 (IL-18), leptin and low adiponectin concentration were associated with higher MetS risk in our and other populations [18]–[22], it remains to be elucidated whether the association between snoring frequency and MetS is independent or mediated through traditional risk factors, and/or unfavorable profile of inflammatory and adipose cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and metabolic syndrome.