CXCL8 and fetal growth restriction: We found significantly higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 (mean ± SEM = 1780 pg/mL ± 44) in IUGR (i.e., all IUGR pregnancies) as compared to normal pregnancy (mean ± SEM = 1049 pg/mL ± 45) (P < 0.0001) (Figure 2).