TNF and placental insufficiency: The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 (1803 pg/mL ± 89, P < 0.001), IFNγ (126 pg/mL ± 33, P < 0.02), and TNFα (340 pg/mL ± 46, P < 0.04) are significantly higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency as compared to normal pregnancy (1049 pg/mL ± 45, 18 pg/mL ± 6, 70 pg/mL ± 21, resp).