APOE and in situ carcinoma: Rifai et al. have shown higher CSF/serum Apo-E index in RRMS in remission compared to controls [160], Chiasserini et al. demonstrated an increased CSF expression of an Apo-E isoform in RRMS compared to CIS patients or controls [161], whereas Gaillard et al. [159] found lower concentrations of both CSF Apo-E and intrathecal Apo-E in MS patients than in controls (Table 5).