Based on the fact that EPO-mediated signals are transduced either via EPOR–EPOR homodimers or through EPOR-βcR heterodimers [17,55], EPO derivatives that selectively initiate either erythropoietic or extra-erythropoietic functions have been developed and studies in inflammatory and infectious diseases have been conducted [56–58]. Here, EPOR is linked to infectious disease.