A pathological role of extracellular NDPK-A and B is suggested in multiple studies of patient serum where NDPK-A is overexpressed as in extracellular fluid from non-Hodgkin lymphoma [49,50], neuroblastoma [51], T and B-cell lymphoma [52,53], the bronchial system of patients with squamous cell lung cancer [54] and NDPK-A serum levels from patients with various hematological malignancies when compared to normal serum [55]. This evidence concerns the gene NME1 and squamous cell lung carcinoma.