PTCH1 and pancreatic neoplasm: We have shown that human pancreatic cancer cell lines and CSCs consistently express various components of SHH pathway including effectors (Gli1 and Gli2), and receptors (Patched-1, Patched-2, and Smoothened), and most importantly the ligand: SHH, suggesting, SHH pathway is one of the “core” signaling pathway or an autocrine mode of SHH signaling in these cells.