Based on our previous observation that SIRT1/UCP2 pathways protect against cerebral ischemia with a synergistic effects in maintaining oxidative balance and ATP production, resulting in an increase in cellular survival and modification in response to different stimuli, such as oxidative stress [10], we hypothesized that variants in sirtuin and UCP genes may have functional significance in the pathophysiology of subclinical vascular disease. This evidence concerns the gene UCP1 and brain ischemia.