Given the temporal differences we observed in MAPK activation between vaginal ECs (Fig. 1B) and oral ECs [2], we determined changes in DNA binding activity (and thus activation) of all AP-1 family members 30 min and 3 h post-infection with C. albicans, which were previously determined as optimal time points in oral ECs to measure DNA binding activity [2]. The gene discussed is JUNB; the disease is infection.