More recently, it has been reported that polymorphisms at positions 607 and 137 of IL-18 gene are associated with the IL-18 promoter transcription activity, IL-18 expression, and disease progression including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HCV and HBV clearance [12][13][14][15][16]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.