VEGFA and neoplasm: Since rhEPO promotes angiogenesis in MMQ cell xenografts in vivo without direct effect on MMQ cells in vitro, and VEGF has been reported to play a key role in angiogenesis, in order to characterize signaling pathways involved in rhEPO induced in vivo tumor growth acceleration, Western blot analysis was carried out to measure VEGF expression of rhEPO treated xenografts.