In the present study, rats treated with DNR alone had developed cardiac hypertrophy and LV dilatation, which is evidenced by an increase in myocardial expression of ANP, that is documented to be elevated in cardiac hypertrophy or failure [20, 21], increase in myocyte size, HW/BW, LVDd, and LVDs, and decrease in FS and EF. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy.