VEGFA and colitis: Here, we demonstrated that induction of colitis was associated with a significant increase in NOS2 and VEGF expression and the euphol treatment consistently blocked their up-regulation after DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that blocking intestinal inflammation and patho-angiogenesis through inhibiting NOS2 and VEGF expression during IBD progression may be, at least in part, the explanation of how euphol attenuates experimental colonic inflammation.