VEGFA and neoplasm: These pathways include VEGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), serine/threonine protein kinase family protein kinase B (Akt), two tumor promoters CXC chemokine Receptor (CXCR4) and Hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1α) [82,83].