In line with the bulk analysis of GO terms, we found that a number of genes that promote adhesion were up-regulated including collagens, cadherins and integrins (e.g. COL6A1, COL4A1, COL18A1, CDH3), whereas genes associated with migration or metastatic tumor invasion were down-regulated (e.g. TWIST1, TIAM1, SLIT3, STAT1/STAT5A, BMP2). Here, COL4A1 is linked to metastatic neoplasm.