New findings from our laboratory show that a fusion gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) linked to the diabetes autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), when delivered by recombinant vaccinia virus inoculation in combination with small amounts of IL-10 or complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), generates effective and durable suppression of autoimmune type 1 diabetes insulitis and hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice [47]. Here, IL10 is linked to diabetes mellitus.