PTGS2 and cancer: Because a large portion of these nutraceuticals show great potential for targeting cancer through various mechanisms—such as the downregulation of transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor-kappaB [NF-κB]), anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., bcl-2, bcl-xL), promoters of cell proliferation (e.g., cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], cyclin D1, c-myc), invasive and metastatic genes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and angiogenic protein (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) (Table 2); and other uses of these triterpenoids are shown in Table 3.