In parallel, we found that AEG-1 promoted the invasion of glioma cells in mouse with an in situ xenotranplantion glioma model [22] through directly targeting and transactivating the promoter of MMP-9 gene, a molecule broadly recognized to be a major metalloproteinase required for ECM degradation and cytokine activation of invading cells during the processes of tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as other physiological and pathological conditions [23]. Here, MTDH is linked to glioma.