26 Another chemokine, CCL2, which is a potent chemoattractant and activator for monocytes, also attracts CD4 and γδ T-cells and was shown to play a protective role in murine TB.27,28 Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, orchestrate innate and adaptive host immune responses. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is tuberculosis.