Many of the analytes studied that were different between cases and controls may play important roles as chemoattractants for monocytes/macrophages (IL-8, IL-12p40, CCL2), lymphocytes (CCL18, CXCL10) and neutrophils (IL-8) in driving inflammation in individuals with COPD. The gene discussed is CCL18; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.