MIF and Nephropathy: The urine MIF concentration was increased 3.4-fold in proliferative nephropathies and especially in crescentic GN (4.5-fold), but not nonproliferative nephropathies [91].There was a significant correlation between the urine MIF concentration and renal MIF expression, but not with serum MIF, indicating a renal origin for the excreted urine MIF.