PDX1 and Hyperglycemia: Several studies have demonstrated reprogramming of hepatocytes into function insulin-producing cells by expression of the Pdx1 or its superactive form Pdx1-VP16 fusion protein either alone or in combination with other pancreatic transcription factors using first generation, nontoxic, transiently expressed adenoviral vectors under conditions of hyperglycemia or hepatic regeneration [251–253].