INS and Hyperglycemia: The capacity of BM-MSCs to generate insulin-producing cells [232, 233] capable of producing and releasing insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and normalizing hyperglycemia upon transplantation into a diabetic mice [234, 235] while at the same time abrogating immune injury, altering T cell cytokine pattern toward IL-10/IL-13 production and preserving CD4+/CD8+ FOXP3+ Tregs in the periphery [236] make BM-MSCs an invaluable tool in β-cells replacement therapies.