TNF and HIV infectious disease: Reported predictors for the development of lipoatrophy include increased age, being white race, increased duration of HIV infection, pre-treatment low nadir CD4+ T lymphocyte count and high plasma HIV RNA load, previous AIDS-defining illness, hepatitis C co-infection, use of a tNRTI (particularly stavudine), increased duration of NRTI therapy, adherence to cART, and TNFα polymorphism 238 G/A [3], [20]–[23].