In summary, we have identified five new genes contributing to SLE risk: NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1 and TYK2. Dense fine-mapping and/or genomic re-sequencing of each locus will be required to reveal the functional alleles for each gene with respect to immune dysregulation in lupus. This evidence concerns the gene IKZF1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.