Five mouse-specific cytokines were significantly (P=0.03) higher expressed in VEGFA165 tumours compared with control tumours: interleukin 5 (IL5), IL7, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), colony-stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) (MCSF) and interferonγ (IFNG) (Figure 3A). Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.