During infection of mice with Litomosoides sigmodontis, female adult worms from prepatent infections protects mice injected with lipopolysaccharide due to inhibition of the host Th1 response, whereas microfilariae worsen lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis through the induction of the Th1-related cytokines in the peripheral blood [31]. The gene discussed is NELFCD; the disease is infection.