Previous studies have shown that Wnt5a is downregulated in certain malignancies including colorectal cancer (protein expression) [17], neuroblastoma (mRNA levels) [18], invasive ductal breast carcinomas (protein expression) [19], [20] and leukemias (mRNA levels) [21], indicating a tumor suppressing effect of Wnt5a. This evidence concerns the gene WNT5A and invasive ductal breast carcinoma.