CDKN2A and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: The value of p16INK4a as a surrogate marker of HR-HPV and CIN has been well established in recent years, with studies showing both increased immunoexpression of p16INK4a in dysplastic cervical epithelium and a positive correlation with HR-HPV infection and the degree of CIN.24–30 Cervical SCC develops through a multistep process that involves replication stress.