XBP1 splicing, expressed as the ratio of XBP1s∶(XBP1s+XBP1u) was increased 1.8-fold in UC (p = 0.0001) and 1.5-fold in colonic CD (p = 0.002), while no differential expression was observed in ileal disease (Fig. 2C). The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is Cowden disease.