Our recent study testing anti-CD20 treatment in an animal model of MS, revealed that B-cell depletion exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the short T-cell determinant myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide (p)35-55, a setting in which B-cells are not required or involved in a pathogenic manner [16]. The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.