VEGFA and macular holes: Serum levels of IL-6 (2.017 pg/ml [1.3–2.98 pg/ml] versus 0.8886 pg/ml [0.46–1.41 pg/ml]; p<0.0001) and VEGF (324.96 pg/ml [132.98–409.78 pg/ml] versus 209.9 pg/ml [32.45–398.78 pg/ml]; p=0.0105) were significantly higher in ED patients in the proliferative stage who had undergone vitrectomy compared to the control patients with macular holes.