Serum levels of IL-6 (2.017 pg/ml [1.3–2.98 pg/ml] versus 0.8886 pg/ml [0.46–1.41 pg/ml]; p<0.0001) and VEGF (324.96 pg/ml [132.98–409.78 pg/ml] versus 209.9 pg/ml [32.45–398.78 pg/ml]; p=0.0105) were significantly higher in ED patients in the proliferative stage who had undergone vitrectomy compared to the control patients with macular holes. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and macular holes.