Premutation carriers, while having normal intelligence, demonstrate a range of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms and are associated with a number of medical conditions such as Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia (FXTAS) and Premature Ovarian Insuffuciency (POI) in response to the elevated transcription levels of FMR1[34]. The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.