IRF1 and male infertility: For example, miRNA-122a reduces the expression of the post-transcriptionally regulated germ cell transition nuclear protein 2 (Tnp2) mRNA in the mammalian testis [6]; miR-372 and miR-373 have been implicated as oncogenes in testicular germ cell tumors [7]; miR-383 is associated with male infertility and promotes testicular embryonal carcinoma cell proliferation by targeting interferon regulatory factor-1(Irf1) [8].