PRKN and Parkinson disease: Mutations in α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK-1 and Parkin as well as toxins like 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), rotenone, paraquat and 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6 tetrahyrdopyridine (MPTP) lead to parkinsonism/PD suggesting that degeneration involves a complex and multifaceted pathway [2], [3].