Increased expression of TGFβ1 or TGFβ2 is seen in early skin lesions and in lung tissue from patients with SSc ILD [25, 26], and TGFβ1 was significantly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from SSc patients with pulmonary fibrosis [27]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.