MTOR and cancer: A substrate of PTEN, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and phosphorylates AKT [47], which activates cell survival, proliferation, cancer promotion, and antiapoptotic signaling through mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and NF-κB pathways in melanoma (Figure 1) [48–51].