MIF and fetal growth restriction: We hypothesize that pregnancy tissues are the source of MIF overexpression in PE.MIF protein was studied in maternal sera, placental tissues, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord of 8 control and 20 PE pregnancies: 10 with normal fetal growth (PE-AGA) and 10 with fetal growth restriction (PE-FGR).MIF levels were significantly higher in PE-AGA membranes than in controls and PE-FGR.