IGHE and infection: In this study the combined use of coproscopy and serology not only improved the diagnosis of helminthiasis, but also facilitated the distinction of four phenotypically different infection profiles: (i) stool egg positive and high IgE (egg+IgEhi), (ii) the stool egg positive and low IgE (egg+IgElo), (iii) the stool egg negative and high IgE (egg-IgEhi) and (iv) the egg negative, IgE low (egg-IgElo) subgroups.