Although pro-inflammatory gene expression was not differentially modulated in preconditioned animals, microarray results revealed that the majority of the anti-inflammatory/type I IFN genes, such as TGFβ, IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1rn), RANTES, and IRF7, were upregulated following stroke in the brains of LPS versus saline preconditioned mice (Figure 1, Lt). This evidence concerns the gene IL1RN and stroke disorder.