CCL5 and stroke disorder: Although pro-inflammatory gene expression was not differentially modulated in preconditioned animals, microarray results revealed that the majority of the anti-inflammatory/type I IFN genes, such as TGFβ, IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1rn), RANTES, and IRF7, were upregulated following stroke in the brains of LPS versus saline preconditioned mice (Figure 1, Lt).