These results agree with previous studies where decreased TGF-β1 expression was detected in fused sagittal sutures compared to patent posterior frontal sutures.[25] Although the exact mechanism of TGF-β1 activity in bone formation is not clearly understood, TGF-β1 plays a major role in the bone remodeling process by regulating bone resorption.[26] Hence, reduced binding affinity of TGF-β1 to ECMs secreted by CSObs may contribute to increased bone formation seen in patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and craniosynostosis.