IFNG and malaria: In order to examine associations with protection against clinical malaria, we assessed the CS-specific cellular immune responses in 447 children using ICS, ex vivo IFNγ and IL2 ELISPOT, and cultured IFNγ ELISPOT assays in a phase II b randomized clinical trial of RTS,S/AS01E versus control, in which we observed 53% (95%CI 31%–72%) protection against clinical malaria [25].