KIR3DL1 and carcinoma: In cervical neoplasia, which is caused by human papilloma virus, and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is associated with EBV infection, KIRs or KIR/HLA compound genotypes expected to result in an activating phenotype increase the risk of carcinoma development, suggesting NK cell activation may contribute to these virus-associated carcinomas [20], [21].