IL13 and infection: Infection during (d0 NTHi+OVA) or after (d10 NTHi+OVA) sensitization had no effect on systemic IL-5 (Figure 3A) but significantly reduced systemic IL-13 and IFN-γ release from splenocytes (Figure 3B–C), compared to uninfected, allergic (OVA) controls.