Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) through protein kinase R (PKR) is induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α [31,32] as well as a variety of stress conditions, including viral infection, and has been shown to down-regulate protein synthesis [33,34]. The gene discussed is EIF2AK2; the disease is viral infectious disease.