In PBC, moreover, the periductal accumulation, particularly around cholangitis including CNSDC accompanying the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23 p19, of IL-17 positive cells is found, suggesting that the Th17-related peribiliary cytokine milieu is involved in the histogenesis of the sustained cholangiopathy of PBC [32, 77]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and primary biliary cholangitis.