Although some of the human data are contradictory, the limited data suggest that fatal EBOV infection is correlated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 beta, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, MCP1, etc.), whereas non-fatal infection lacks this explosion of cytokine release [40–43]. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.