CSF2 and neoplasm: The immunomodulatory transgenes tested so far include GM-CSF to stimulate the production of antigen presenting cells [124,125], Fas ligand and IL-27 to facilitate antigen presentation on dendritic cells (DCs) [126], interferons α, β, and γ for direct anti-tumor activity and to induce a proinflammatory effect [127–129], the chemokine RANTES for recruiting DCs and T lymphocytes [130], and IL-12 to activate T lymphocytes [131].